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SRD Benchmark Results

Stochastic Residual Dithering — honest perplexity vs K-quants, mobile inference, and edge deployment data.

Model: TinyLlama-1.1B-Chat-v1.0 Eval: WikiText-2, stride 512, ctx 2048 Hardware: Colab T4 + L4 Date: 2026-05-29 / 2026-06-08

Perplexity Results

⚠ 2026-06-08 — Q4_K_M baseline caveat. On-device measurement (PocketPal, TinyLlama-1.1B-Chat-v1.0, wikitext-2, 100 chunks): F16 PPL = 19.205 ± 0.404 vs Q4_K_M PPL = 19.385 ± 0.399 — only +0.94% (0.18 PPL), error bars overlap. The cited K-quant rows below use base-model numbers at a different stride. The "SRD α=0 vs Q4_K_M" delta needs a same-model same-stride re-run before it can be cited. SRD vs Q6_K and SRD vs FP16 results are unaffected.
# Config bpw PPL Δ vs FP16 Status
1 FP16 baseline 16.00 7.0952
2 SRD α=0 (pure 4-bit, g=64, per-block) 4.50 7.5389 +0.44 PURSUE
3 SRD α=0.5, g=64, per-block 13.00 7.1891 +0.09 PURSUE
4 SRD α=1.0, g=64, per-block 13.00 7.0950 −0.0001 ≈FP16
5 SRD α=1.0, per-tensor (spec §5 demo) 12.25 7.0952 +0.0000
6 Q4_K_M (cited, base model) 4.85 9.05 +1.95 CITED
7 Q5_K_M (cited, base model) 5.69 8.36 +1.26 CITED
8 Q6_K (cited, base model) 6.56 7.82 +0.72 CITED
9 Q8_0 (cited, base model) 8.50 7.71 +0.61 CITED

Cited K-quant rows from llama.cpp upstream. SRD rows: Colab T4 + L4 confirmed, all ≤0.0001 PPL variance across runs. Cross-hardware reproducibility: Colab L4 sweep completed in ~87s, matching T4 within float16 rounding noise.

Bits-per-weight at a Glance

ConfigbpwRelative size
SRD α=0 (pure 4-bit) 4.5
28% of FP16
Q4_K_M (cited) 4.85
30% of FP16
Q5_K_M (cited) 5.69
36% of FP16
Q6_K (cited) 6.56
41% of FP16
Q8_0 (cited) 8.5
53% of FP16
SRD α=0.5 / α=1.0 13.0
81% of FP16
FP16 16.0
100% of FP16

Mobile Inference Baselines (PocketPal)

On-device benchmarks on a 12 GB RAM device using GPUOpenCL (6 CPU threads, 99 GPU layers). PP=512, TG=128, 3 repetitions, context 2048.

Model Quant Size TG (t/s) PP (t/s) Peak mem Total time
SmolLM2-135M Q4_K_M 103.7 MB 4.82 261.30 8.9% (1.0 GB) 96 s
TinyLlama-1.1B Q4_K_M 636 MB 12.03 106.23 13.8% (2.0 GB) 47 s
TinyLlama-1.1B F16 (PPL only) 2.2 GB ~3–4 est.
Measured PPL (on-device, TinyLlama-1.1B-Chat-v1.0, wikitext-2, 100 chunks): F16 = 19.205 ± 0.404 · Q4_K_M = 19.385 ± 0.399 · Gap = +0.18 PPL (+0.94%). Error bars overlap — difference is statistical noise. Q4_K_M gives 3.5× size reduction for essentially zero quality loss.

Note: TG 2.5× faster at 1B vs 135M despite 8× more params — GPUOpenCL saturates better at 1B scale. Flash attention disabled; cache f16/f16. Source: results/mobile_baselines.json.

Key Findings

Verdict: Pursue

SRD at 13 bpw (α=1.0, g=64) reaches PPL 7.095 vs Q6_K's 7.82 at 6.56 bpw — 0.725 PPL margin, well above the pre-committed ≥0.05 threshold.

α knob is real

0.44 PPL swing across α ∈ {0, 0.5, 1.0} at constant 13 bpw. Most of the gain (0.35 PPL) is captured at α=0.5. Full range available in Studio.

Pure 4-bit operates at 4.5 bpw

α=0 discards residue at inference — effective cost is 4.5 bpw (vs Q4_K_M's 4.85 bpw). PPL 7.54 vs FP16's 7.10 — only +0.44 absolute.

Q4_K_M baseline needs recheck

Cited Q4_K_M PPL=9.05 is from the base model at a different stride. Measured on chat-v1.0 at same stride: 19.39 vs FP16 19.21 (+0.94%, noise-floor). Re-run SRD α=0 vs Q4_K_M on same setup before citing that delta.

Cross-hardware reproducible

SRD sweep independently confirmed on Colab L4 (torch 2.11.0+cu128). All five PPL values match T4 within 0.0001 — well inside float16 rounding noise. Deterministic across GPU generations.

Honest bpw = 13.0 for g=64

W4 (4) + D8 (8) + S4 (32/G) + S8 (32/G) = 13.0 bpw for G=64. The spec's "39% of FP16" claim omitted both per-block scale terms. The benchmark uses 13.0 throughout.

Reproducibility

Code: axiom_quant.py (kernel), research/quant/quantize_model.py (model loader), research/quant/bench_perplexity.py (PPL sweep).

Dataset: WikiText-2 raw v1, test split, 341,469 tokens per config. Sliding window: stride 512, context 2048. Skip modules: lm_head, embed_tokens.

Notebook: notebooks/srd_benchmark.ipynb — run on Colab T4 (2026-05-29) and L4 (confirmed).

K-quant baselines are cited from the llama.cpp upstream PPL table for TinyLlama-1.1B (base model). Stride convention may differ. Use --rerun-locally to verify fairness before citing.

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